Development of Microstructure in Silicon-Aluminum-Bronze

Authors

  • J. Iqbal
  • F. Ahmed
  • F. Hasan

Abstract

The aim of present study was to determine the sequence of micro-structural development during continuous cooling from temperatures approaching the solidus, in an as cast silicon- aluminum bronze alloy having composition Cu-6 % Al-2% Si-0.6% Fe. This alloy has good resistance to seawater corrosion and low magnetic permeability. This alloy is used in marine and chemical applications where corrosion resistance is a prime requirement. A study of the development of microstructure during continuous cooling from the solidus temperature showed that at high temperatures the alloy consisted of β and α phases in which the α-phase had a Widmanstatten morphology. As the temperature is lowered Fe5Si3 particles formed throughout the microstructure and this is followed by the formation of Fe3Si2 precipitates in the α-grains. On further cooling the β phase is transformed into γ2

References

A.R. Rezai, D. Finneli, J. A. Nyenhuis, G. Hrdlicka, J. Tkach, A. Sharan, P. Rugieri, P. H Stypulkowski, and F. G. Shellock, “Neurostimulation Systems for Deep Brain Stimulation: In Vitro Evaluation of Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Related Heating at 1.5 Tesla,” J Magn. Reson. Imaging, Vol. 15, pp. 241-250, 2002.

M. Bock, R. Umathum, S. Zuehlsdorff, S. Volz, C. Fink, P. Hallscheidt, H. Zimmermann, W. Nitz and W. Semmler, “Interventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging: an Alternative to Image Guidance with Ionizing Radiation”, Radiation Protection Dosimetry, Vol. 117, No. 1-3, pp. 74-78, February 2006.

T. M. Peters., “Image-Guidance for Surgical Procedures”, Phys. Med. Biol., Vol. 51, No. 14, pp. R505-R540, July 2006.

W. R. Nitz, A. Oppelt, W. Renz, C. Manke, M. Lenhart, and J. Link, “On the Heating of Linear Conductive Structures as Guide Wires and Catheters in Interventional MRI,” J. Magn. Reson. Imag., Vol. 13, pp. 105-113, 2001.

R. P. King , “Antennas in material media near boundaries with application to communication and geophysical exploration, Part I: The bare metal dipole,” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Volume 34, Issue 4, pp. 483 – 489, April 1986.

R. P. King, “Antennas in material media near boundaries with application to communication and geophysical exploration, Part II: The terminated insulated antenna,” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Volume 34, Issue 4, pp. 490 – 496, April 1986.

S.M. Park, R. Kamondetdacha, A. Amjad, and J. A. Nyenhuis, “MRI safety: RF induced heating on straight wires,” IEEE Trans. Magn., Vol. 41, No. 10, pp. 4197- 4199, Oct. 2005.

J. A. Nyenhuis, S.M. Park, R. Kamondetdacha, A. Amjad, F.G. Shellock, and A. Rezai, “MRI and Implanted Medical Devices: Basic Interactions With an Emphasis on Heating,” IEEE Trans. Device and Materials Reliability, Vol. 5, No. 3, Sep. 2005.

Mohsin, S. A., N. M. Sheikh, U. Saeed, “MRI-induced heating of deep brain stimulation leads,” Phys. Med. Biol., 5745-5756, 2008

Mohsin, S. A., N. M. Sheikh, U. Saeed, “MRI induced heating of deep brain stimulation leads: effect of the air-tissue interface,” Progress In Electromagnetics Research, PIER 83, 81–91, 2008.

H. S. Ho, “Safety of Metallic Implants in Magnetic Resonance Imaging,” J. Magn. Reson. Imag., Vol. 14, pp. 472-474, 2001.

A. Amjad, R. Kamondetdacha, A.V. Kildishev, S. M. Park, J. A. Nyenhuis, “Power deposition inside a phantom for testing of MRI heating,” IEEE Trans Magn 2005, 41:4185–4187.

A. Amjad, “Specific Absorption Rate during Magnetic Resonance Imaging,” Ph.D Thesis, Purdue University, 2007.

S. M. Park, “MRI Safety: Radiofrequency Field Induced Heating of Implanted Medical Devices,” Ph. D Thesis, Purdue University, 2006.

Sung-Min Park, Rungkiet Kamondetdacha, and John A. Nyenhuis, “Calculation of MRI-Induced Heating of an Implanted Medical Lead Wire With an Electric Field Transfer Function”, Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 26:1278–1285, 2007.

W. Kainz,. SAR intercomparison protocol for 1.5 T MR systems draft, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, 2006.

John L. Volakis, Arindam Chatterjee, and Leo C. Kempel, “Finite Element Method for Electromagnetics,” The IEEE/OUP Series on Electromagnetic Wave Theory.

Roger F. Harrington, “Field Computation by Moment Methods,” Wiley-Interscience and IEEE Press Series on Electromagnetic Wave Theory, 1993.

Downloads

Published

2016-06-22

Issue

Section

Polymer Engineering and Chemical Engineering, Materials Engineering, Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics