Is peri-urban structure plan likely to be a viable approach to manage development in urban peripheries? – Case studies from Punjab, Pakistan
Abstract
The area contiguous with the rural-urban fringe with low density scattered development is gaining importance due to its, rich agricultural landscape, economic worth and potential to become urban in near future. This article contributes to the growing debate on the fate of peri-urban area in the wake of its changing character. In 2009, the Government of Punjab promulgated Land Use Rules introducing the concept of Peri-Urban Structure Plan (PUSP) for the first time in Pakistan. This study assesses the usefulness of PUSP by randomly taking two case study plans from amongst plans prepared so far in Punjab. Ironically, these plans neither followed any growth model nor appear to be based on internationally tested and suggested approaches to deal with peri-urban areas. The implementation of such plans would inevitably lead to further urban sprawl. Thus, it is expedient that preparation of a PUSP needs to be allowed in the light of revised master plan of a city which should identify zones for infill/high density development to accommodate the future population while restricting further horizontal development within peri-urban area. In case of big cities, putting an urban growth boundary and planning residential and industrial suburbs would be a more promising strategy.
References
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[2] Bedini, M.A., & Bronzini, F. (2016). The new territories of urban planning: The issue of the fringe areas and settlement filaments. Land Use Policy, 57, 130-138.
[3] Phillips, D., & Williams, K. (1999). Literature review on peri-urban conceptualisation and management approaches. London: Natural Resources Systems Programme, DFID. 233pp. [Online] Available at: https://www.gov.uk/dfid-research-outputs/ [Accessed 25th August 2018].
[4] McFarland, P. (2015). The peri-urban land-use planning tangle: An Australian perspective. International Planning Studies, 20, (3), 161-179.
[5] Hefferan, M. (2014, Jan). The rise of peri-urban areas in regional development and land use: A South-East Queensland case study. In: Proceedings of the 20th Pacific Rim Real Estate Society (PRRES) Conference, Christchurch, New Zealand 19-22 January. [Online] Available at: http://www.prres.net/papers/Hefferan_The_Rise_of_Peri-urban_areas_In_regional_Development.pdf [Accessed 26th July 2018]
[6] Legates, R., & Hudalah, D. (2014). Peri-urban planning for developing East Asia: Learning from Chengdu, China and Yogyakarta/Kartamantul, Indonesia. Journal of Urban Affairs, 36, sup1, 334-353.
[7] Abramson, D. B. (2016). Periurbanization and the politics of development-as-city-building in China. Cities, 53 (4), 156–162.
[8] Gennaio, MP., Hersperger, A. M., & Burgi, M. (2009). Containing urban sprawl—Evaluating effectiveness of urban growth boundaries set by the Swiss Land Use Plan. Land Use Policy 26, 224–232.
[9] Bengston, D.N., & Youn, Y.C. (2006). Urban containment policies and the protection
[Accessed 204th November 2018].
of natural areas: The case of Seoul’s greenbelt. Ecology and Society, 11, (1), 3.
[10] Foot, J. (2000). The urban periphery, myth and reality: Milan, 1950 -1990. City, 4 (1), 7-26.
[11] Sieverts, T. (2003). Cities without cities: An interpretation of the Zwischenstadt. London: Spon Press.
[12] Salet, W.G.M. & Woltjer, J. (2009). New concepts of strategic spatial planning dilemmas in the Dutch Randstad Region. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 22, (3), 235 –248.
[13] Torres, H. (2007, Jan). Social and environmental aspects of peri-urban growth in Latin America megacities. In: Proceedings of Expert Group Meeting on Population Distribution, Urbanization, Internal Migration and Development. United Nations Secretariat, New York, 21-23 January, 2008.
[14] Jongkroy, P. (2009). Urbanization and changing settlement patterns in peri-urban Bangkok. Kasetsart Journal (Social Science), 30, 303-312.
[15] Toteng, E. N. (2009). Access to services and infrastructure in peri-urban areas in Botswana: Case studies of Mogoditshane and Tlokweng. Botswana Notes and Records 41, 64-75.
[16] Pandey, V., Chandra, R. & Devadas, V. (2014). Changing land-use scenarios of peri-urban areas in a developing country-Case of Aligarh city, India. International Journal of Research, 1, (5), 396-407.
[17] Ravetz, J., Fertner, C. & Nielsen, T.S. (2013). The Dynamics of Peri-Urbanization. In: K. Nilsson et al. (Eds.), Peri-urban futures: Scenarios and models for land use change in Europe, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
[18] Jenks, M., & Burgess, R. (Ed). (2002). Compact cities: Sustainable urban forms for developing countries. Routledge.
[19] Mugavin, D. (2003). Compact city: Some aspects and lessons from Singapore, International Journal of Urban Sciences, 7, (2), 180-192.
[20] Chitnis, P. (2018). FSI increased for residential, commercial buildings in Mumbai. [Online] Available at: https://www.bloombergquint.com/business/fsi-increased-for-residential-commercial-buildings-in-mumbai [Accessed: 02 March 2019].
[21] ADB. (2013). India: Promoting Inclusive Urban Development in Indian Cities. Asian Development Bank Technical Assistance Consultant’s Report. [Online] Available at: https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/project-document/.../41609-012-tacr-03.pdf [Accessed 20th June 2019].
[22] Bardhan, R., Kurisu, K. & Hanak, K. (2015). Does compact urban forms relate to good quality of life in high density cities of India? Case of Kolkata. Cities, 48, 55-65.
[23] Woltjer, J. (2014). A global review on peri-urban development and planning. Jurnal Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota, 25, (1), 1-16.
[24] Webster, D. (2002). On the edge: Shaping the future of peri-urban East Asia. Asia/Pacific Research Center. Stanford: Stanford University.
[25] Webster, D. (2011). An overdue agenda: Systematizing east Asian peri-urban research. Pacific Affairs, 84, (4), 631–642.
[26] Webster, D., Cai, J., & Muller, L. (2014). The new face of peri-urbanization in east Asia: Modern production zones, middle-class lifesytles, and rising expectations. Journal of Urban Affairs, 36, sup1, 315-333.
[27] Zhao, P. (2013). Too complex to be managed? New trends in peri-urbanisation and its planning in Beijing. Cities, 30, 68-76.
[28] PBS/GoP. (2017). Province wise provisional results of census – 2017. Islamabad: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, Government of Pakistan.
[29] Yin, R.K. (2003). Case study research-design and methods. 3rd ed. Thousand Oaks, Sage Publications.
[30] Perecman, E., & Curran, S. R. (Eds.), (2006). A handbook for social science field research: Essays and bibliographic sources on research design and methods. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications, Inc.
[31] LG&CDD/GoPb. (2013). Punjab local government act 2013. Lahore: Local Government and Community Development Department, Government of the Punjab.
[32] LG&CDD/GoPb. (2019). Punjab local government act 2019. Lahore: Local Government and Community Development Department, Government of the Punjab.
[33] LG&CDD/GoPb. (2009). Punjab land use classification, reclassification and redevelopment rules 2009. Lahore: Local Government and Community Development Department, Government of the Punjab.
[34] Elsa, E. (2019). Imran Khan tweets vision for Pakistan’s urban development. Gulf News: Asia, March 02, 2019. [Online] Available at: https://gulfnews.com/world/asia/pakistan/imran-khan-tweets-vision-for-pakistans-urban-development-1.62413515). [Accessed: 29 August
2019].
[35] BoS/GoPb. (2017). Punjab development statistics 2017. Lahore: Bureau of Statistics, Government of Punjab.
[36] The Urban Unit & 4th Dimension Consulting. (2015). Faisalabad peri-urban structure plan. final report. Lahore: Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project, The Urban Unit. Government of Punjab.
[37] Rana, I. A., Bhatti, S. S., & Saqib, S. (2017). The spatial and temporal dynamics of infrastructure development disparity – From assessment to analyses. Cities, 63, 20–32.
[38] Master Consulting Engineers. (2011). Peri-urban structure plan tehsil Gujrat. Lahore: Master Consulting Engineers (Pvt) Ltd/Tehsil Municipal Administration Gujrat.
[39] Mahboob, M. A., Atif, I & Iqbal, J. (2015). Remote sensing and GIS applications for assessment of urban sprawl in Karachi, Pakistan. Science, Technology and Development, 34, 179-188.
[40] NESPAK and LDA. (2004). Integrated master plan for Lahore-2021. Lahore Development Authority, Lahore. Vol. I, II & III.
[41] Rana, I. A., & Bhatti, S. S. (2018). Lahore, Pakistan – urbanization challenges and opportunities. Cities, 72, 348–355.
[42] Hameed, R. and Nadeem, O. (2008). Challenges of implementing urban master plans: The Lahore experience. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 24, 927-934.
[43] P&DD/GoPb. (2015). Punjab growth strategy 2018: Accelerating economic growth and improving social outcomes. Lahore: Planning & Development Department, Government of Punjab.
[44] Adell, G. (1999). Theories and models of the peri-urban interface: A changing conceptual landscape. Draft for Discussion. Strategic Environmental Planning and Management for the Peri-urban Interface Research Project. Development Planning Unit, University College London. [Online] Available at: http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/43/
[45] Stöhr, W. and Taylor, D. (Eds.), (1981). Development from above or below? Chichester, UK: Wiley.
[46] Douglass, M. (1998). A regional network strategy for reciprocal rural-urban linkages. An agenda for policy research with reference to Indonesia. Third World Planning Review, 20, 1-25.
[47] Mulligan, G. F., Partridge, M. D. & Carruthers, J. I. (2012). Central place theory and its reemergence in regional science. Ann Reg Sci 48, 405–431.
[48] Afzal, M. (2016). Evaluation of peri-urban structure plan practices in Punjab (Unpublished master’s thesis). University of Engineering & Technology, Lahore.
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Published
2020-07-15
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City and Regional Planning, Environmental Engineering, Architecture
