Refining and Characterization of Car Engine Used / Unused Lubricating Oil
Abstract
Present research work deals with refining of car engine used lubricating oil into base oil by solvent extraction using hexane and ethyl acetate. The extracted oil was further diluted by making various solvents to extract oil ratios, to determine the physiochemical parameters such as acid values, viscosity, specific gravity and refractive index. Percent sludge removal (PSR) and percent oil loss (POL) was calculated for determining the performance of the extraction process and quality of re-refined oil. Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) analysis has also been done to study the changes in used and unused car engine lubricating oil.
References
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[11] A. Kamal and F. Khan, Effect of Extraction and Adsorption on Re-refining of Used Lubricating Oil, Oil Gas Sci. Tech., 64(2), 191, (2009).
[12] H. A. Durrani, M. I. Panhwar, and R. A. Kazi, Determining an Efficient Solvent Extraction Parameters for Re-Refining of Waste Lubricating Oils. Mehran Uni. Res. J. Eng. Sci. Res. Tech.,3(3), 1216, (2012).
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[14] G. A. R. Rassoul and L. S. Mahmmoud, Treating the used automobiles oils using solvents, Iraqi J. Chem. Petrol. Eng.,11(3), 9, (2010).
[15] S. R. Khan, S. Masood, M. Ashfaq, A. Hassan, Rimsha, and U. Haroon, Refining of Used Lubricating Oil by Hexane and Ethyl Acetate through Solvent Extraction Method, Oil Gas European Magazine, 46(4), 21, (2020).
[16] M. Hussein, A. A. Amer and A. S. Gaberah, Used Lubricating Oil re-refining by Solvent Extraction, Am. J. environ. Eng. Sci., 1, 44, (2014).
[17] A, Wolak, W. Karasodomski and G. Zajac, FTIR analysis and monitoring of used synthetic oils operated under similar driving conditions, frictions. (2019).
[18] S. Prabowo and M. Muflihah, Synthesis of Adsorbant from food industry waste for purification of used cooking oil, F1000Research, 8(119), 1, (2019).
[19] M. A. Reis and M. S. Jeronimo, Waste Lubricating Oil Re-Refining by Solvent Extraction Flocculation, A ScientificBasis to Design Efficient Solvents, Ind. Eng, Chem. Res., 27, 1222, (1988).
[20] I. Hamawand, T. Yusaf and S. Rafat, Recycling of Waste Engine Oils Using a New Washing Agent, Energies., 6, 1023, (2013).
[21] N. O. Elbashir,S. M. Al-Zahrani,M. I. Abdul Mutalib and A. E. Abasaeed, A method of predicting effective solvent extraction parameters for recycling of used lubricating oils, Chem. Eng. Proc., 41, 765, (2002).
[22] J. D. Udonne,A comparative study of recycling of used lubrication Oils using distillation, acid and activated charcoal with clay methods. J. Petrol. Gas Eng., 2(2), 12, (2011).
[2] R. Saeed., S. Masood, and N. H. Siddiqui., The Viscosity of Crude Oils in 1,4-Dioxan, Petrol. Sci. Technol. 32(6), 688, (2014).
[3] A. Francois, Waste Engine Oils Refining and Energy Recovery. Elsevier Amsterdam (2006).
[4] D. I. Osman,S. K. Attia, and A. R. Taman, A.R, Recycling of used engine oil by different solvent, Egyptian J. Petrol, 279(2), 221, (2018).
[5] E. A. Emam, and A. M. Shoaib, Re-refining of used lube oil, I- by solvent extraction and vacuum distillation followed by hydrotreating, Petrol. Coal, 55 (3), 179, (2013).
[6] E. A. Emam, and A. M. Shoaib, Re-refining of used lube oil, II- by solvent/clay and acid/clay-percolation processes, ARPN J. Sci. Tech.,11(2), 1034, (2012).
[7] R. Abro, X. Chen, K. Harijan, Z. A. Dhakan and M. Ammar, A Comparative Study of Recycling of Used Engine Oil Using Extraction by Composite Solvent, ISRN Chem. Eng., 3, 1, (2013).
[8] N. M. Abdel-Jabbar, E. Al. Zubaidy, and M. Mehrvar, World Acad. Sci. Eng. Tech.,4(2), 141, (2010).
[9] H. A. Durrani, Re-Refining Recovery Methods of Used Lubricating Oil, Int. J. Eng. Sci. Res. Tech, 3, 1216, (2014).
[10] R. R. Mohammed, I. A. R. Ibrahim, A.H. Taha and G. McKay, Waste lubricating oil treatment by extraction and adsorption, Chem. Eng. J, 220, 343, (2013).
[11] A. Kamal and F. Khan, Effect of Extraction and Adsorption on Re-refining of Used Lubricating Oil, Oil Gas Sci. Tech., 64(2), 191, (2009).
[12] H. A. Durrani, M. I. Panhwar, and R. A. Kazi, Determining an Efficient Solvent Extraction Parameters for Re-Refining of Waste Lubricating Oils. Mehran Uni. Res. J. Eng. Sci. Res. Tech.,3(3), 1216, (2012).
[13] V. Katiyar and S. Husain, Recycling of used lubricating oil using 1-butanol. Int. J. Chem. Sci-Royal Soc. Chem., 8(3), 1999, (2010).
[14] G. A. R. Rassoul and L. S. Mahmmoud, Treating the used automobiles oils using solvents, Iraqi J. Chem. Petrol. Eng.,11(3), 9, (2010).
[15] S. R. Khan, S. Masood, M. Ashfaq, A. Hassan, Rimsha, and U. Haroon, Refining of Used Lubricating Oil by Hexane and Ethyl Acetate through Solvent Extraction Method, Oil Gas European Magazine, 46(4), 21, (2020).
[16] M. Hussein, A. A. Amer and A. S. Gaberah, Used Lubricating Oil re-refining by Solvent Extraction, Am. J. environ. Eng. Sci., 1, 44, (2014).
[17] A, Wolak, W. Karasodomski and G. Zajac, FTIR analysis and monitoring of used synthetic oils operated under similar driving conditions, frictions. (2019).
[18] S. Prabowo and M. Muflihah, Synthesis of Adsorbant from food industry waste for purification of used cooking oil, F1000Research, 8(119), 1, (2019).
[19] M. A. Reis and M. S. Jeronimo, Waste Lubricating Oil Re-Refining by Solvent Extraction Flocculation, A ScientificBasis to Design Efficient Solvents, Ind. Eng, Chem. Res., 27, 1222, (1988).
[20] I. Hamawand, T. Yusaf and S. Rafat, Recycling of Waste Engine Oils Using a New Washing Agent, Energies., 6, 1023, (2013).
[21] N. O. Elbashir,S. M. Al-Zahrani,M. I. Abdul Mutalib and A. E. Abasaeed, A method of predicting effective solvent extraction parameters for recycling of used lubricating oils, Chem. Eng. Proc., 41, 765, (2002).
[22] J. D. Udonne,A comparative study of recycling of used lubrication Oils using distillation, acid and activated charcoal with clay methods. J. Petrol. Gas Eng., 2(2), 12, (2011).
