Synthesis, Characterization of InP Nanospheres and Fabrication of InP Nanofibers by Electrospinning Method
Abstract
We report a unique route for synthesis of Indium Phosphide(InP) nanostructures of different morphologies (nanospheres and nanofibers) by reaction of the Indium precursor with yellow phosphorus. Produced nanofibers are collected on fluorine doped tin oxide(FTO) coated glass substrate and preserved in a desiccator since Polyacrylonitrile(PAN) is moisture sensitive. Ozone etching is carried out to obtain InP nanofibers. The synthesized nanostructures were characterized by powder Scanning electron microscope(SEM), Atomic force microscope(AFM), X-ray diffraction(XRD), steady state photoluminescence spectroscopy(SSPL), time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy(TRPL) and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. From these measurements InP Nanospheres are observed to exhibit the blue shift of about 292 nm as compared to the bulk InP 918 nm absorption value estimated band gap of synthesized InP nanospheres is ~ 1.98 eV which is larger than the band gap of bulk InP 1.34 eV. Nanostructured InP is found to exhibit zinc-blende structure with average crystallite 153 nm size, FTO supported InP nanofibers calcined at 400 °C and the fibers stiffness is analyzed by AFM that describes important properties of nanofibers, such as hardness, elastic modulus and the adhesion between nanofibers and substrate.
References
References
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[1]. Kim, T., Lee, D., Yoon, Y. 2000, Microstructural, electrical, and optical properties of SnO 2 nanocrystalline thin films grown on InP (100) substrates for applications as gas sensor devices, Journal of applied Physics. 88, 3759-3761.
[2]. Ribordy, G., et al., 1998, Performance of InGaAs/InP avalanche photodiodes as gated-mode photon counters, Applied Optics. 37, 2272-2277.
[3]. Soda, H., et al., 1987Stability in single longitudinal mode operation in GaInAsP/InP phase-adjusted DFB lasers, IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics. 23, 804-814.
[4]. Fiorentino, M., et al., 2002, All-fiber photon-pair source for quantum communications, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters. 14, 983-985.
[5]. Baba, T., Fukaya, N., Yonekura, J. 1999, Observation of light propagation in photonic crystal optical waveguides with bends, Electronics letters, 35, 654-655.
[6]. Hattendorf, M., et al. 2002, .Sub-micron scaling of high-speed InP/InGaAs SHBTs grown by MOCVD using carbon as the p-Type dopant. in 2002 GaAs MANTECH Conf. Dig.
[7]. Wallentin, J., et al., 2013, InP nanowire array solar cells achieving 13.8% efficiency by exceeding the ray optics limit. Science, 339, 1057-1060.
[8]. Abrahams, M., Braunstein, R., Rosi, F. 1959, Thermal, electrical and optical properties of (In, Ga) as alloys, Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 10, 204-210.
[9]. Bar‐Joseph, I., et al., 1987, Quantum‐confined Stark effect in InGaAs/InP quantum wells grown by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy, Applied physics letters. 50, 1010-1012.
[10]. Baskoutas, S. and A.F. Terzis, 2006,Size-dependent band gap of colloidal quantum dots, Journal of applied physics. 99, 013708.
[11]. Dresselhaus, M., Thomas, I. 2001, Alternative energy technologies, Nature. 414, 332-337.
[12]. Leijtens, X., 2011, The platform for Indium Phosphide-based photonics. IET optoelectronics, JePPIX. 5, 202-206.
[13]. Hangarter, C.M., Myung, N.V. 2005, Magnetic alignment of nanowires, Chemistry of materials. 17(6): p. 1320-1324.
[14]. Duan, X., et al., 2001, Indium phosphide nanowires as building blocks for nanoscale electronic and optoelectronic devices, Nature. 409, 66-69.
[15]. Thakur, M., 1977, Gallium-67 and indium-111 radiopharmaceuticals, The International journal of applied radiation and isotopes. 28, 183-201.
[16]. Ghaderi, S., Ramesh, B., Seifalian, A.M. 2011, Fluorescence nanoparticles “quantum dots” as drug delivery system and their toxicity: a review. Journal of drug targeting,. 19, 475-486.
[17]. Siddiqui, I.R., et al., 2010, Recyclable Indium (III) Chloride Catalyzed Site-Selective Double Substitution in One Pot for the Synthesis of Isatin N-Ribonucleosides under Microwave Irradiation, Synthesis. 2010, 1613-1616.
[18]. Rodrigo, S.M., et al., 2009, .Analysis of the systemic effect of red and infrared laser therapy on wound repair, Photomedicine and laser surgery. 27, 929-935.
[19]. Andriano, K., et al., 1999, In vitro and in vivo comparison of bulk and surface hydrolysis in absorbable polymer scaffolds for tissue engineering, Journal of biomedical materials research. 48, 602-612.
[20]. Olmedo, D.G., et al., 2009, The issue of corrosion in dental implants: a review, Acta Odontol Latinoam. 22, 3-9.
[21]. Huang, Z.-M., et al., A review on polymer nanofibers by electrospinning and their applications in nanocomposites. Composites science and technology, 2003. 63(15): p. 2223-2253.
[22]. Nair, L.S., et al., 2004, Fabrication and optimization of methylphenoxy substituted polyphosphazene nanofibers for biomedical applications, Biomacromolecules. 5, 2212-2220.
[23]. Ryu, Y.J., et al., 2003, Transport properties of electrospun nylon 6 nonwoven mats, European Polymer Journal. 39, 1883-1889.
[24]. Fong, H., Chun, I., Reneker, D., 1999, Beaded nanofibers formed during electrospinning. Polymer,. 40, 4585-4592.
[25]. Tan, S., et al., 2005, Systematic parameter study for ultra-fine fiber fabrication via electrospinning process, Polymer. 46, 6128-6134.
[26]. Son, W.K., et al., 2004, The effects of solution properties and polyelectrolyte on electrospinning of ultrafine poly (ethylene oxide) fibers, Polymer. 45, 2959-2966.
[27]. Deitzel, J. M., et al., 2001, The effect of processing variables on the morphology of electrospun nanofibers and textiles, Polymer. 42, 261-272.
[28]. Hansma, H.G., Hoh, J. H., 1994, Biomolecular imaging with the atomic force microscope, Annual review of biophysics and biomolecular structure. 23, 115-140.
[29]. Pileni, M.P., 2003, The role of soft colloidal templates in controlling the size and shape of inorganic nanocrystals. Nature materials. 2, 145.
[30]. Zavelani-Rossi, M., et al., 2010, Suppression of biexciton Auger recombination in CdSe/CdS dot/rods: role of the electronic structure in the carrier dynamics. Nano letters. 10, 3142-3150.
[31]. Crooker, S., et al., 2002,Spectrally resolved dynamics of energy transfer in quantum-dot assemblies: Towards engineered energy flows in artificial materials. Physical Review Letters. 89, 186802.
[32]. Micic, O., et al., 1995.Synthesis and characterization of InP, GaP, and GaInP2 quantum dots. The Journal of Physical Chemistry. 99, 7754-7759.
